Notes on homotopy limits, singular constructions, fiber sequences (handwritten notes for the reading group talk):
Author: Likun Xie (they/them)
Serre-Swan Theorem and some K groups
This is an overview on Serre-Swan theorem and some ideas on the construction of K-groups for a Banach category. Serre-Swan theorem establishes equivalences between the categories of topological vector bundles over a compact Hausdorff space , the category of finitely generated projective
-modules and the categories of algebraic vector bundles of finite rank over
the affine scheme . This theorem connects different objects of interest in K-theory.
It also introduces some ideas on the construction of K-groups for a Banach category and
in particular for compact topological spaces and Banach algebras.
This is my course thesis for Algebraic Topology II at UIUC.
Reading Group on Infinity Categories
Here is a reading group on infinity category at Warwick.
https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/maths/people/staff/barucco/readingroup/
A simple visual editor for creating commutative diagrams
A simple visual editor for creating commutative diagrams.
Announcing quiver: a new commutative diagram editor for the web: https://varkor.github.io/blog/2020/11/25/announcing-quiver.html
Calculate (co)limits as (co)equalisers (two examples)
There is a general formulation for constructing limits as equalisers: see Theorem 1 in Section V.2, Maclane. For the dual version, see Theorem A.2.1 in Appendix A written by me.
The constructions look like these (see the links above for details):
But in practice, these diagrams may not be helpful to see what the equalisers should be. Now I give proofs for the (co)equalisers in two examples: the connected component of a simplicial set and the sheaf condition.
The connected components [Background]
For definitions and other backgrounds, see Subsection 00G5. For the record, see [P12, DLOR07] for the cosimplicial identities and Tag 000G for simplicial identities. (These identities are used in my proofs.)
Two examples of (co)limits as (co)equalisers
Pdf here: Two examples of (co)limits as (co)equalisers
[Short Notes] Non-compactness of the closed unit ball in an infinite-dimensional Banach space
This is about an exercise in [Bass]:
Exercise 19.5. Prove that if
is infinte-dimensional, that is, it has no finite basis, then the closed unit ball in
is not compact.
Proof. Choose an orthonormal basis , then
. This means the sequence is not Cauchy hence has no convergent subsequence.
For a Banach space, by Riesz’s lemma to find a non-Cauchy sequence.
[Bass] Bass, R. F. (2013). Real analysis for graduate students. Createspace Ind Pub.
[Soft Question] Category theory and set theory: just a different language, or different foundation of mathematics?
A question about the philosophy of mathematics for casual reading:
Category theory and set theory: just a different language, or different foundation of mathematics?
Lusin’s Theorem and Continuous Extension
Here we give proofs for two versions of Lusin’s Theorem, one from Exercise 44, Ch2 in Folland’s Real Analysis and the other from the textbook used for my first year undergraduate mathematical analysis course in Beijing. The latter version is a stronger result which in addition discusses the condition for a real-valued function defined on a subset of to be extended to the whole of
. A more general result in topology is the Tietze Extension Theorem.
See the full post here: Lusin’s Theorem and Continuous Extension
Here we let denote the Lebesgue measure on
.
Lusin’s Theorem (Version 1)[Exercise 2.44, Folland]. Suppose is Lebesgue measurable,
is Lebesgue measurable and
, there is a compact set
such that
and
is continuous.
Lusin’s Theorem(Version 2)[Huan]. Suppose is Lebesgue measurable and
is a Lebesgue measurable extended real valued function with
, then
,
such that
, where
denotes the space of continuous function on
.
Continuous Extension Theorem[Huan]. Suppose , then
can be extended to a continuous function on
if and only if
can be extended to a continuous function on the closure
of
.
Tietze Extension Theorem. Let be normal and
be closed and let
be continuous. Then there is a map
such that
for all
. (Note that in topology, by a map we mean a continuous function. )
Krull’s Principal Ideal Theorem in Dimension Theory and Regularity
This post is about some applications of Krull’s Principal Ideal Theorem and regular local rings in dimension theory and regularity of schemes [Part IV, Vakil], with the aim of connecting the 2018-2019 Warwick course MA4H8 Ring Theory with algebraic geometry. The lecture notes/algebraic references are here: 2018-2019 Ring Theory. Note that the algebraic results included here follow the notes. Alternatively, one can also find them in [Vakil] either as exercises or proved results for which I have included the references.
Besides including results in both their geometric and algebraic statements, I have given proofs to a selection of exercises in Part IV, [Vakil] to illustrate more applications and other connections to the contents in the Ring Theory course. The indexes for exercises follow those in [Vakil].
See here for the full post: Application of Krull’s Principal Ideal Theorem
Please also let me know if you find any errors or have suggestions on any of my posts.
The “Dunce Cap” Space Is Contractible
Here is the exercise 6 on P. 50 in the book Topology and Geometry by Glen Bredon. I put it here because I found the drawing of this cap very lovely. Indeed I like that most of the pictures in this book are lovely sketches.
Question. The “dunce cap” space is the quotient of a triangle (and interior) obtained by identifying all three edges in an inconsistent manner. That is, if the vertices of the triangle are
then we identify the line segment
with
and with
in the
orientation indicated by the order given of the vertices. (See Figure 1-6.) Show that
the dunce cap is contractible.
Following the development in the book, I will use the following theorem that the homotopy type of a mapping cylinder or cone
depends only on the homotopy class of the map [Theorem 14.18, Topology and Geometry by Glen Bredon]. The idea is to identify the dunce cap as a mapping cone.
Theorem 14.18. If
Proof of the Qustion. Suppose is a map from
to itself. The cone
for
is obtained by pinching the top of the mapping cylinder to a point. As
is the cylinder
with the bottom pasted to
by the map
,
is
with
pasted to
by the map
. So the dunce cap is just
defined as
which is homotopic to the identity by a linear homotopy (note that we make the choice of for an easy definition of the homotopy)
.
So the dunce cap is homotopic to which is contractible.